Don't Panic!

Shell access over UART

Published on January 3, 2025

Many IoT devices have a UART connector somewhere on the board. It is often used to debug the device before mass production. Sometimes there will be a nice four pin header to connect to. Other devices give you just some plated through holes ready to solder. In some cases the holes exist but the traces have been disconnected in the final layout. In any case if you can connect to it you can often obtain device logs, issue commands and sometimes access the boot loader. If you’re lucky you can get full shell access over UART.

In the first part of a teardown of a D-Link DCS-932L internet enabled security camera, I looked at extracting firmware from flash memory. In this second part, I look at connecting to UART and using the root shell to have a rummage about the camera’s file system.

Extract firmware from flash memory

Published on January 2, 2025

To analyse a device’s firmware, you’ll first need to obtain the firmware. If you’re lucky, the device manufacturer has made the firmware available for download. If it’s not available, or if you don’t trust that what’s on the website is what’s on your device, you can extract the firmware from flash memory. This post outlines how to extract firmware from flash memory on a D-Link DCS-932L internet enabled security camera.

NFS shares in Docker

Published on December 20, 2024

Network File System (NFS) is a widely supported and simple protocol for accessing files over a network as if they were local. This makes it ideal for many Docker (and other container) architectures as container storage is ephemeral and limited. Attaching NFS shares in Docker allows your container to read and write files to persistent network storage.

Move /home on SELinux systems

Published on April 30, 2024

Here’s a cautionary tale: taking shortcuts can lead to disaster! I wanted to move /home to a new partition on an SELinux protected system. I ended up locking myself out of my VM.

JPA native queries with eager fetch and @SqlResultMapping

Published on March 27, 2024

JPA supports eager and lazy fetch of child entities. If you’re not careful with the lazy fetch strategy it can result in excessive queries as it needs to execute a query for the parent entity and then an additional one for each child. This is the so-called n+1 problem. You’ll often want to use eager fetching so that you can pull the parent and all children with a single query.

If you use HQL/JPQL, the JPA Criteria API or queries derived from Spring Data Repository method names, JPA will convert your SQL query result set to entity objects. That’s what an Object Relational Mapping (ORM) system is for. However if you use JPA native queries (SQL), you’ll need to map the results yourself.

In this post, I’ll look at how to run eager fetches for JPQL and native queries and how to manage the results.

CVE-2023-34034: Spring Security Authorization Bypass

Published on December 9, 2023

CVE-2023-34034 is another authorization bypass in Spring Security. Like CVE-2022-31692 it’s nasty because it allows completely unrestricted access to supposedly protected resources. Also like CVE-2022-31692 it requires very specific configuration to be vulnerable and is easily fixed.

This post demonstrates the vulnerability, the problem configuration and suggested fixes. A demonstration vulnerable application is on GitHub.

CVE-2022-31692 Spring Security Authorization bypass

Published on November 20, 2023

CVE-2022-31692 is a vulnerability in Spring Security that allows authorization bypass when running with specific configurations. The good news is that only very specific configurations are exploitable. However, if you’ve configured Spring Security in this way, attackers can access protected resources without authorization.

Classes in multiple ClassLoaders

Published on June 1, 2023

When an application loads classes using multiple ClassLoaders, unexpected behaviours can arise. For example, consider a class loaded by two different classloaders: Result is: All…

Handling blocked Process output stream

Published on May 7, 2023

If you’re invoking external processes with Runtime.getRuntime().exec() or ProcessBuilder.start(), it is vitally important to handle the standard out and standard error streams. Otherwise, the parent process may block – it gets stuck without throwing an Exception to tell you why.

Delete a directory in Java

Published on April 13, 2023

How do you delete a directory in Java? java.io.File defines a method delete() that deletes a file or directory:

public void delete(File dir) {
    dir.delete();
}

If only it were that simple.

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